ANALISIS GANGGUAN SINYAL VERY HIGH FREQUENCY EXTENDED RANGE 134.1 MHz DI AIRNAV CABANG SURABAYA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gangguan sinyal Very High Frequency Extended Range (VHF-ER) pada frekuensi 134.1 MHz di AirNav Indonesia Cabang Surabaya, khususnya di sektor Upper Pangkalan Bun (UPKN). Gangguan komunikasi yang terjadi berupa blank spot menjadi permasalahan serius karena dapat menghambat komunikasi antara pilot dan petugas pengatur lalu lintas udara (ATC), sehingga berisiko menurunkan keselamatan operasional penerbangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan
fishbone diagram untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengklasifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab gangguan sinyal, yang mencakup aspek manusia, mesin, metode, material, dan lingkungan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa gangguan sinyal disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor utama, antara lain keterbatasan jumlah teknisi dan pelatihan yang jarang dilakukan, penggunaan antena sektoral yang tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan
cakupan 360°, serta penempatan antena yang tidak sesuai standar teknis, seperti terlalu dekat dengan obstacle dan antena lain. Penggantian antena sektoral ke antena omnidirectional Amphenol 7530100 terbukti mampu mengatasi gangguan blank spot. Selain itu, penerapan SOP yang konsisten dan pelaksanaan performance check secara berkala turut mendukung peningkatan kualitas komunikasi VHF-ER.
Penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan kompetensi teknisi, penyesuaian penempatan antena sesuai regulasi, serta evaluasi berkelanjutan terhadap performa perangkat komunikasi. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan dalam perbaikan sistem komunikasi penerbangan di AirNav Surabaya maupun unit navigasi udara lainnya di Indonesia.

Kata kunci: Blank Spot, Komunikasi Penerbangan, Navigasi Penerbangan, VHF-ER

This research aims to analyze the signal disruption of the Very High Frequency Extended Range (VHF-ER) system operating at 134.1 MHz, managed by the Surabaya Branch of AirNav Indonesia, specifically in the Upper Pangkalan Bun
(UPKN) sector. Communication issues, such as blank spots, have emerged as a critical concern because they interfere with radio transmissions between pilots and air traffic controllers (ATC), which can potentially compromise flight safety.
This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach supported by a fishbone diagram to identify and classify the contributing factors to the signal disruption, focusing on five key areas: human, machine, method, material, and environment. The findings show that the signal disruption was mainly caused by a lack of trained technicians, insufficient staffing, the use of sectoral antennas that are not suitable for full 360-degree coverage, and antenna placement that did not meet technical standards—such as being too close to obstacles or other antennas. To address this issue, the sectoral antenna was replaced with an omnidirectional
antenna (Amphenol 7530100), which successfully eliminated the blank spot and improved communication reliability. In addition, the consistent use of standard operating procedures (SOPs) and regular performance checks have helped maintain the system's signal quality.
Based on these findings, the study recommends increasing technician training frequency, adjusting antenna placement to comply with technical regulations, and continuously evaluating the performance of communication equipment. These efforts are expected to support safer and more reliable air traffic communication, both at AirNav Surabaya and in other air navigation units across Indonesia.

Keywords : Air Navigation, Aviation Communication, Blank Spot, VHF-ER.