RANCANGAN SISTEM MONITORING DAN AUTOMATIC SWITCHING PADA RADIO TRANSMITTER VHF A/G BERBASIS NODE-RED

Sistem komunikasi VHF Air to Ground (VHF A/G) berperan penting dalam menjamin keselamatan penerbangan karena menjadi jalur utama komunikasi antara pilot dan Air Traffic Controller (ATC). Berdasarkan Keputusan Dirjen Perhubungan Udara Nomor KP 103 Tahun 2015 dan Permenhub Nomor 29 Tahun 2021, setiap unit kerja diwajibkan menyediakan pemancar cadangan yang dapat berpindah otomatis serta dapat dipantau dari jarak jauh. Namun, di Perum LPPNPI Cabang Semarang, proses switching masih dilakukan secara manual dan belum tersedia sistem pemantauan suhu yang terintegrasi. Kondisi ini menimbulkan potensi keterlambatan penanganan saat terjadi overheat pada power amplifier. Penelitian ini merancang sistem automatic switching berbasis suhu dan aktivitas PTT menggunakan metode ADDIE. Perangkat yang digunakan meliputi Raspberry Pi Pico W, sensor suhu DS18B20, dan sensor optocoupler. Komunikasi data dilakukan melalui protokol MQTT dan ditampilkan secara real-time melalui dashboard Node-RED. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan sistem mampu mendeteksi suhu dan PTT secara akurat, melakukan switching otomatis, serta menampilkan status perangkat. Selain itu, sistem dapat dipantau dan dikontrol langsung melalui dashboard, sehingga meningkatkan keandalan komunikasi VHF A/G dan mendukung pemenuhan regulasi penerbangan.
KataKunci: Automatic Switching, VHF A/G, Raspberry Pi Pico W, Node-RED, MQTT, Real-Time Monitoring, ADDIE Method.

The VHF Air to Ground (VHF A/G) communication system plays a crucial role in ensuring flight safety as it serves as the primary communication channel between pilots and Air Traffic Controllers (ATC). Based on Decree of the Director General of Civil Aviation Number KP 103 of 2015 and Regulation of the Minister of Transportation Number 29 of 2021, each work unit is required to provide a backup transmitter that can switch automatically and can be monitored remotely. However, at the Semarang Branch of Perum LPPNPI, the switching process is still carried out manually and an integrated temperature monitoring system is not yet available. This condition causes potential delays in handling when the power amplifier overheats. This study designed an automatic switching system based on temperature and PTT activity using the ADDIE method. The devices used include a Raspberry Pi Pico W, a DS18B20 temperature sensor, and an optocoupler sensor. Data communication is carried out via the MQTT protocol and is displayed in real time via the Node-RED dashboard. Test results show that the system is able to accurately detect temperature and PTT, perform automatic switching, and display device status. In addition, the system can be monitored and controlled directly through the dashboard, thereby increasing the reliability of VHF A/G communications and supporting compliance with aviation regulations.
KeyWords: Automatic Switching, VHF A/G, Raspberry Pi Pico W, Node-RED, MQTT, Real-Time Monitoring, ADDIE Method.