-, BOYKE ANANDA DWI APRIYANTO RANCANG BANGUN ALAT BANTU SERVICING KOMPONEN PRESSURE SUPPLY SYSTEM HELIKOPTER EC 135 DI BALAI BESAR KALIBRASI FASILITAS PENERBANGAN. -. (Submitted)
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Abstract
Helikopter EC135 merupakan helikopter ringan bermesin ganda yang memiliki sistem hidrolik penting bernama pressure supply system, yang berfungsi untuk menyalurkan tekanan ke aktuator dalam sistem kontrol penerbangan. Proses perawatan (servicing) pada komponen ini sangat krusial karena berkaitan langsung dengan keselamatan penerbangan. Berdasarkan hasil observasi saat On the Job Training (OJT) di Balai Besar Kalibrasi Fasilitas Penerbangan (BBKFP), diketahui bahwa selama ini proses servicing dilakukan secara manual dengan menggunakan wrench untuk mendorong level indicator. Metode ini menyebabkan beban tidak terdistribusi secara lurus dan meningkatkan risiko teknisi tergelincir atau bahkan merusak piston di dalam sistem.Kondisi tersebut mengindikasikan perlunya alat bantu khusus yang dirancang secara teknis dan ergonomis untuk meningkatkan efisiensi kerja dan keselamatan teknisi maupun komponen yang diservis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membuat alat bantu servicing yang dapat mendorong level indicator secara akurat dan aman, serta dapat dioperasikan oleh satu teknisi tanpa bantuan alat tambahan seperti tangga.Perancangan dilakukan menggunakan metode VDI 2221, yaitu metode sistematik yang umum digunakan dalam proses rekayasa teknik. Tahapan metode ini meliputi: penjabaran tugas (clarification of the task), perancangan konsep (conceptual design), perancangan wujud (embodiment design), dan perancangan detail (detail design). Pada tahap awal, dilakukan identifikasi kebutuhan dan kendala teknis, yang kemudian dirangkum dalam daftar kehendak. Selanjutnya disusun struktur fungsi dan dilakukan seleksi alternatif solusi melalui matriks kombinasi. Pemilihan desain alat dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan faktor kekuatan, kemudahan operasional, dan kemampuan alat beradaptasi dengan dua posisi pressure supply system.Desain akhir alat menggunakan sistem ulir penggerak untuk mengubah gaya putar menjadi gaya dorong linear. Torsi minimum yang dibutuhkan untuk mengoperasikan ulir berdasarkan perhitungan adalah sebesar 286 Nmm. Berdasarkan pengukuran gaya tekan, diketahui bahwa gaya maksimum untuk mendorong level indicator adalah 111 Newton. Gaya ini kemudian dianalisis distribusinya ke tiga kaki penyangga, masing-masing menerima beban sebesar 37 Newton. Struktur alat dianalogikan sebagai balok bertumpu tiga titik untuk mempermudah perhitungan teknik.Material utama yang digunakan dalam alat ini adalah baja SS400, yang dipilih karena mudah didapatkan, harganya ekonomis, serta memiliki kekuatan luluh sebesar 245 MPa. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan teknik, nilai tegangan lentur pada penampang atas adalah sebesar 15,99 MPa, tegangan geser pada batang ulir sebesar 0,552 MPa, dan tegangan tarik pada rangka bawah sebesar 0,03854 MPa. Semua nilai ini berada jauh di bawah tegangan izin material sebesar 61,25 MPa, yang berarti material dikategorikan aman.Hasil rancangan kemudian direalisasikan menjadi prototipe alat dan diuji langsung di BBKFP. Uji coba membuktikan bahwa alat mampu menekan level indicator secara tepat dan aman, serta dapat dioperasikan oleh satu teknisi tanpa bantuan alat lain seperti tangga. Setiap bagian alat, mulai dari ulir penggerak, kaki penyangga, hingga penopang atas dan bawah, telah menjalankan fungsinya sesuai rencana. Uji coba ini dilakukan dengan mengikuti prosedur dari Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM) helikopter EC135.Dengan keberhasilan ini, alat bantu servicing yang dirancang terbukti mampu menyelesaikan permasalahan aktual di lapangan, meningkatkan keselamatan kerja, mengurangi risiko kerusakan komponen, serta memberikan efisiensi dalam proses perawatan helikopter EC135. Alat ini juga memiliki potensi untuk diterapkan secara berkelanjutan di lingkungan kerja BBKFP, maupun digunakan sebagai bagian dari pelatihan teknisi. Ke depan, pengembangan lebih lanjut dapat difokuskan pada peningkatan desain ergonomis, penyusunan SOP operasional resmi, serta pengujian alat dalam berbagai skenario penggunaan di lapangan.
Kata kunci: Helikopter EC 135, Pressure Supply System, VDI 2221, alat bantu, baja SS400,
The EC135 helicopter is a lightweight twin-engine aircraft equipped with a critical hydraulic system known as the pressure supply system, which functions to deliver pressure to actuators within the flight control system. Servicing this component is crucial as it directly relates to flight safety. Based on observations conducted during the On the Job Training (OJT) at Balai Besar Kalibrasi Fasilitas Penerbangan (BBKFP), it was found that the servicing process is still carried out manually using a wrench to push the level indicator. This method causes the applied load to be unevenly distributed, increasing the risk of technicians slipping and potentially damaging the piston inside the system.This condition highlights the need for a specialized assisting tool that is both technically sound and ergonomically designed to improve work efficiency and ensure the safety of both the technician and the component. This research aims to design and develop a servicing tool capable of pushing the level indicator accurately and safely, and operable by a single technician without requiring additional equipment such as ladders.The design process utilized the VDI 2221 method, a systematic engineering design methodology. This method consists of several stages: clarification of the task, conceptual design, embodiment design, and detailed design. The first stage involved identifying needs and technical constraints, followed by the preparation of a function structure and evaluation of alternative solutions using a solution matrix. The selected design was based on criteria such as strength, operational ease, and compatibility with both pressure supply system 1 and 2.The final design employed a lead screw system to convert rotational motion into linear pushing force. The minimum torque required to operate the screw was calculated at 286 Nmm. Measurement results indicated that a maximum force of 111 Newtons was needed to push the level indicator. This force was then distributed across the three support legs of the tool, with each bearing approximately 37 Newtons. Structurally, the tool was analyzed using a three-point beam support model to simplify the mechanical calculations.SS400 steel was chosen as the primary material due to its affordability, availability, and yield strength of 245 MPa. Based on technical calculations, the resulting bending stress on the top frame was 15.99 MPa, shear stress on the screw shaft was 0.552 MPa, and tensile stress on the lower frame was 0.03854 MPa—all of which are significantly below the allowable stress value of 61.25 MPa, confirming that the material selection was safe.The design was then realized into a prototype and tested directly at BBKFP. The testing demonstrated that the tool successfully pushed the level indicator accurately and safely, in accordance with the procedures stated in the Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM) for the EC135 helicopter. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the tool could be operated by a single technician without the need for ladders or additional tools. Each component of the tool—including the lead screw, support legs, and top-bottom frames—functioned as intended during testing.The successful development and validation of this servicing tool show that it effectively addresses real-world challenges encountered in the field. It enhances operational safety, reduces the risk of component damage, and improves the overall efficiency of the EC135 helicopter maintenance process. The tool is also considered suitable for long-term application within the BBKFP working environment and holds potential as a training aid for technicians. Future development is recommended in areas such as improving ergonomic design, compiling standardized operating procedures (SOPs), and conducting further testing in various real-use scenarios.
Keywords: EC 135 Helicopter, Pressure Supply System, VDI 2221, assisting tool, SS400 steel.
Item Type: | Article |
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Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics |
Divisions: | DIV Teknik Pesawat Udara |
Depositing User: | Mr Boyke Ananda Dwi Apriyanto - |
Date Deposited: | 28 Aug 2025 09:07 |
Last Modified: | 28 Aug 2025 09:07 |
URI: | http://repository.ppicurug.ac.id/id/eprint/358 |