ANALISIS KEGAGALAN TRIM AIR VALVE P/N 1320A0000-02 PESAWAT AIRBUS A330 SERIES DENGAN METODE FAULT TREE ANALYSIS DAN FAILURE MODE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS DI PT. GMF AEROASIA

Trim air valve merupakan komponen penting dalam system Air Conditioning (AC) pada pesawat Airbus A330 Series. Komponen ini bekerja mengatur distribusi udara panas dari Engine maupun Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) dan mencampurkannya dengan udara dingin, untuk menjaga kenyamanan suhu di berbagai zona kabin, kokpit, serta kargo. Kegagalan pada Trim air valve dapat berdampak langsung terhadap kenyamanan penumpang hingga potensi penurunan keselamatan selama operasional. Berdasarkan data dari PT. GMF Aeroasia, Trim air valve dengan Part Number 1320A0000-02 mengalami sebanyak 57 kasus kegagalan dalam kurun waktu 2020 hingga 2024. Kejadian ini mendorong perlunya dilakukannya analisis yang mendalam dan sistematis terhadap komponen tersebut. Penelitian ini menggambungkan dua pendekatan metode analisis, yaitu Failure Mode anad Effect Analysis (FMEA) dan Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). Metode FMEA digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi, mengukur dan memperioritaskan mode-mode keggaalan berdasarkan nilai Risk Priority Number (RPN), yang dihitung dari parameter Severity (S), Occurrence (O), dan Detection (D). proses pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner semi-struktur yang diberikan kepada teknisi bersertifikat Airbus A330 Series di PT. GMF Aeroasia berdasarkan pengalaman dilapangan mereka menangani kerusakan Trim air valve . Hasil FMEA menunjukan bahwa kegagalan yang paling dominan adalah internal leakage, dengan Kejadian dan Nilai RPN tertinggi sebesar 270. Pada kegagalan ini terjadi akibat kerusakan pada seal internal yang menyebabkan kebocoran udara panas ke system, yang dapat mengganggu kestabilan suhu kabin serta menimbulkan fault indication pada ECAM. Mode kegagalan berikutnya ada pada Microswitch Defective sebangak 15 kejadian dengan nilai RPN sebesar 180, serta Stepper Motor Defective sebangay 12 kejadian, dengan nilai RPN sebesar 140 dan Housing Damaged sebanyak 7 dengan nilai RPN 100 . Metode FTA diterapkan untuk menelusuri akar penyebab dari modekegagalan dengan nilai RPN tertinggi, yaitu internal leakage. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara mendalam dengan teknisi berpengalaman dan analisis diagram pohon kesalahan, teridentifiaksi tiga faktor penyebab: (1) Degradasi seal akibat usia pakai dan suhu ekstrem (2) Lingkungan tropis Indonesia yang mempercepat proses korosi dan pelapukan material, dan (3) kesalahan instalasi, termasuk prosedur yang tidak dijalankan sesuai dengan standar serta area kerja yang kurang bersih dan tidak steril.Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kegagalan Trim air valve tidak hanya berasal dari aspek teknis, akan tetapi dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lainnya, yaitu lingkungan dan manusia. Oleh karena itu, diasarakan kepada PT. GMF Aeroasia untuk memperkuat program pemeliharaan prediktif berbasis analisis akar masalah, memperbaiki dokumentasi instalasi dan ispeksi, serta dilakukannya penyusunan job card khusus untuk komponen Trim air valve . Selain itu, perlu dilakukannya uji simulasi terhadap komponen dalam kondisi ekstrem untuk mengidentifikasi batas toleransi material secara akurat.
Kata Kunci: Trim air valve , Analisis Kegagalan, FMEA, FTA, Airbus A330 Series, Internal leakage.

The Trim air valve is an important component in the Air Conditioning (AC) system of the Airbus A330 Series aircraft. This component regulates the distribution of hot air from the engine and Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) and mixes it with cold air to maintain a comfortable temperature in various zones of the cabin, cockpit, and cargo hold. Failure of the Trim air valve can directly impact passenger comfort and potentially compromise safety during operations. According to data from PT. GMF Aeroasia, the Trim air valve with Part Number 1320A0000-02 experienced 57 failure cases between 2020 and 2024. These incidents necessitate a thorough and systematic analysis of the component. This study combines two analytical methods, namely Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). The FMEA method is used to identify, measure, and prioritize failure modes based on the Risk Priority Number (RPN), which is calculated from the parameters of Severity (S), Occurrence (O), and Detection (D). The data collection process was carried out through a semi-structured questionnaire given to Airbus A330 Series certified technicians at PT. GMF Aeroasia based on their field experience in handling Trim air valve damage. The FMEA results show that the most dominant failure is internal leakage, with the highest occurrence and RPN value of 270. This failure occurs due to damage to the internal seal, causing hot air to leak into the system, which can disrupt cabin temperature stability and cause fault indications on the ECAM. The next most common failure mode is a defective microswitch, with 15 occurrences and an RPN value of 180, followed by a defective stepper motor with 12 occurrences and an RPN value of 140, and damaged housing with 7 occurrences and an RPN value of 100. The FTA method was applied to trace the root cause of the failure mode with the highest RPN value, namely internal leakage. Based on in-depth interviews with experienced technicians and analysis of the fault tree diagram, three contributing factors were identified: (1) Seal degradation due to age and extreme temperatures, (2) Indonesia's tropicalenvironment, which accelerates corrosion and material degradation, and (3) installation errors, including procedures not followed according to standards and unclean and non-sterile work areas. The conclusion of this study indicates that the failure of the Trim air valve is not only due to technical aspects but can also be influenced by other factors, namely the environment and human factors. Therefore, it is recommended that PT. GMF Aeroasia strengthen its predictive maintenance program based on root cause analysis, improve installation and inspection documentation, and develop a special job card for the Trim air valve component. Additionally, simulation tests should be conducted on components under extreme conditions to accurately identify material tolerance limits.
Keywords: Trim air valve , Failure Analysis, FMEA, FTA, Airbus A330 Series, Internal leakage