KAJIAN RISIKO WILDLIFE HAZARD GUNA MENINGKATKAN KESELAMATAN PENERBANGAN DI BLU KANTOR UPBU KELAS 1 UTAMA JUWATA // WILDLIFE HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT TO IMPROVE AVIATION SAFETY AT BLU KANTOR UPBU KELAS 1 UTAMA JUWATA

Bandar Udara Juwata Tarakan berlokasi di kawasan pesisir yang berdekatan langsung dengan ekosistem rawa dan mangrove, sehingga rentan terhadap intrusi hewan liar yang dapat mengancam keselamatan operasional penerbangan. Penanganan wildlife hazard yang berlangsung selama ini belum didukung penilaian risiko yang sistematis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi bahaya dan menilai tingkat risiko wildlife hazard, serta merumuskan strategi mitigasi beserta efektivitasnya dalam meningkatkan keselamatan operasional penerbangan, menggunakan metode Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui observasi, wawancara terhadap tiga narasumber, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi lima kelompok satwa liar berisiko, dengan burung memperoleh skor risiko tertinggi (5B) dan biawak (3A), keduanya berada pada zona risiko tidak dapat diterima (unacceptable), sementara ular (3C), kucing liar (2B), dan bekantan (2A) berada pada zona risiko dapat ditoleransi (tolerable). Tiga penyebab yang teridentifikasi, yaitu keberadaan faktor penarik ekologis, kerentanan infrastruktur perimeter, dan kurang efektifnya sistem deterren. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini merumuskan tiga strategi mitigasi, yaitu rekayasa faktor penarik ekologis, penguatan infrastruktur perimeter, dan pembaruan sistem pengusiran satwa. Proyeksi perubahan risk index menunjukkan strategi ini berpotensi menggeser risiko burung menjadi 3B dan biawak menjadi 2A, memindahkan keduanya ke zona dapat ditoleransi (tolerable). Secara praktis, hasil penelitian memberikan dasar bagi pengelola Bandar Udara Juwata Tarakan dalam menyusun kebijakan mitigasi berbasis prioritas risiko dan alokasi sumber daya yang lebih terarah. Secara akademis, penelitian ini memperkaya literatur penerapan HIRA pada konteks wildlife hazard. // Juwata Tarakan Airport is located in a coastal area directly adjacent to swamp and mangrove ecosystems, making it vulnerable to wildlife intrusions that can threaten flight operational safety. The handling of wildlife hazard conducted thus far has not been supported by a systematic risk assessment. This study aims to identify hazards and assess the risk level of wildlife hazard, as well as formulate mitigation strategies and their effectiveness in improving flight operational safety, using the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) method. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach through observation, interviews with three informants, and documentation study. The results identified five groups of at-risk wildlife, with birds obtaining the highest risk score (5B) and monitor lizards (3A), both falling into the unacceptable risk zone, while snakes (3C), feral cats (2B), and proboscis monkeys (2A) fall into the tolerable risk zone. Three causes were identified: the presence of ecological attractant factors, perimeter infrastructure vulnerability, and the ineffectiveness of the deterrent system. Based on these findings, this study formulated three mitigation strategies: engineering of ecological attractant factors, reinforcement of perimeter infrastructure, and renewal of the wildlife deterrent system. Projected changes in the risk index indicate that these strategies could potentially shift the bird risk to 3B and the monitor lizard risk to 2A, moving both into the tolerable zone. Practically, the findings provide a basis for the management of Juwata Tarakan Airport in formulating risk priority-based mitigation policies and more targeted resource allocation. Academically, this study enriches the literature on HIRA application in the context of wildlife hazard.