KESIAPSIAGAAN UNIT PKP-PK DALAM PENANGANAN THERMAL RUNAWAY GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT (GSE) BERBASIS LISTRIK DI AIRSIDE BANDAR UDARA INTERNASIONAL I GUSTI NGURAH RAI-BALI

Adopsi Ground Support Equipment (GSE) berbasis listrik di bandar udara
terus meningkat sejalan dengan komitmen green airport, namun penggunaan
baterai lithium-ion membawa risiko thermal runaway yang berbeda dari kebakaran
kendaraan konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi karakteristik
risiko thermal runaway pada GSE berbasis listrik dan menganalisis kesiapsiagaan
unit PKP-PK dalam menanganinya dengan peralatan yang tersedia saat ini di
airside Bandar Udara Internasional I Gusti Ngurah Rai. Penelitian menggunakan
metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data
dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam terhadap informan dari unit
ARFF dan operator GSE, serta studi dokumentasi, yang kemudian dianalisis
melalui teknik triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik risiko
thermal runaway meliputi lonjakan suhu melampaui 1.000°C, pelepasan gas
beracun, dan potensi re-ignition, dengan pemicu utama overcharge saat pengisian
daya dan benturan mekanis di apron. Kesiapsiagaan unit PKP-PK berada pada
kondisi transisi: pada dimensi pengetahuan personel telah memiliki kesadaran
risiko yang baik, namun pada dimensi prosedur, peralatan, dan keterampilan teknis
masih terdapat kesenjangan yang konsisten, ditandai dengan belum tersedianya
SOP khusus, agen pemadam khusus lithium-ion, serta pelatihan EVAR yang
terstruktur. Penelitian menyarankan penyusunan SOP khusus, pengadaan peralatan
pemadam yang sesuai, dan penyelenggaraan pelatihan khusus bagi personel.

The adoption of electric Ground Support Equipment (GSE) at airports
continues to grow in line with the green airport commitment; however, the use of
lithium-ion batteries introduces a thermal runaway risk that differs from
conventional vehicle fires. This study aims to identify the characteristics of thermal
runaway risk in electric GSE and to analyze the preparedness of the Airport Rescue
and Fire Fighting (PKP-PK) unit in handling such incidents with the currently
available equipment in the airside of I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport. This
study employed a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Data
were collected through observation, in-depth interviews with informants from the
ARFF unit and GSE operators, and documentation study, which were then analyzed
using triangulation techniques. The results show that the characteristics of thermal
runaway risk include a temperature surge exceeding 1,000°C, the release of toxic
gases, and the potential for re-ignition, with the main triggers being overcharge
during charging and mechanical impact on the apron. The preparedness of the
PKP-PK unit is in a transitional condition: in the knowledge dimension, personnel
already possess good risk awareness, but in the dimensions of procedures,
equipment, and technical skills, consistent gaps remain, marked by the absence of
a specific SOP, a dedicated lithium-ion extinguishing agent, and structured EVAR
training. This study recommends the development of a specific SOP, the
procurement of suitable extinguishing equipment, and the provision of specialized
training for personnel