ANALISIS PENGARUH KONDISI PSIKOLOGIS DAN BEBAN KOGNITIF PASCA AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT/INCIDENT TERHADAP KAPABILITAS SITUATIONAL AWARENESS AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER DI AIRNAV INDONESIA CABANG SURABAYA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kondisi psikologis dan beban
kognitif pasca terjadinya aircraft accident/incident terhadap kapabilitas situational
awareness personel Air Traffic Controller (ATC) di AirNav Indonesia Cabang
Surabaya. Terjadinya insiden penebangan berpotensi memicu tekanan emosional
serta peningkatan beban kerja mental. Pendekatan kuantitatif metode survei
diterapkan dalam penelitian ini, menggunakan sampel 60 responden ATC yang
dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling dari total populasi 77 personel. Kriteria
responden difokuskan pada yang memiliki pengalaman langsung saat terjadi
peristiwa kecelakaan atau insiden penerbangan. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan
kuesioner terstruktur skala Likert lima tingkat, kemudian dianalisis melalui uji
statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, regresi linier berganda, uji t secara parsial, uji
F secara simultan, dan koefisien determinasi (R2) menggunakan aplikasi SPSS.
Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan nilai rata-rata kondisi psikologis (3,05) dan
beban kognitif (3,05) berada dikategori sedang, sementara kapabilitas situational
awareness berada dikategori tinggi (4,15). Persamaan regresi menghasilkan Y =
4,369 - 0,155X1 + 0,083X2. Pengujian hipotesis secara parsial (uji t) menunjukkan
kondisi psikologis (t = -1,416; p = 0,162) maupun beban kognitif (t = 0,800; p =
0,427) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap situational awareness. Secara
simultan (uji F), kedua variabel independen tersebut juga tidak memiliki pengaruh
signifikan (F = 1,037; p = 0,361) dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,035.
Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa kontribusi variabel bebas hanya sebesar 3,5%,
sedangkan 96,5% sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor di luar model, seperti jam
terbang, tingkat kedewasaan profesional, dan pelatihan yang berkesinambungan.
Kesimpulannya, meskipun mengalami tekanan pasca-insiden, personel ATC di
AirNav Surabaya tetap mampu menjaga kesadaran situasional secara optimal berkat
pengalaman kerja yang matang. Temuan ini merekomendasikan penguatan program
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) untuk terus memelihara ketahanan
mental personel.

This study aims to analyze the influence of post-aircraft accident/incident
psychological conditions and cognitive load on the situational awareness
capabilities of Air Traffic Controller (ATC) personnel at AirNav Indonesia,
Surabaya Branch. The occurrence of aviation incidents potentially triggers
emotional stress and increased mental workload. A quantitative approach using a
survey method was applied in this study, utilizing a sample of 60 ATC respondents
selected through purposive sampling from a total population of 77 personnel. The
selection criteria focused on controllers with direct experience handling aircraft
accidents or incidents. Data were collected using structured questionnaires on a
five-point Likert scale and analyzed using descriptive statistics, classical
assumption tests, multiple linear regression, partial t-tests, simultaneous F-tests,
and the coefficient of determination (R2) via SPSS.
Descriptive statistics revealed that the mean scores for psychological condition
(3.05) and cognitive load (3.05) fell into the moderate category, whereas situational
awareness capability remained in the high category (4.15). The resulting regression
equation was Y = 4.369 - 0.155X1 + 0.083X2 Partial hypothesis testing (t-test)
indicated that neither psychological condition (t = -1.416; p = 0.162) nor cognitive
load (t = 0.800; p = 0.427) had a statistically significant effect on situational
awareness. Simultaneously (F-test), the two independent variables also showed no
significant effect (F = 1.037; p = 0.361) with a coefficient of determination (R2) of
0.035. This indicates that the independent variables contributed only 3.5%, while
the remaining 96.5% was influenced by external factors outside the model, such as
flight hours, professional maturity, and recurrent training.
In conclusion, despite experiencing post-incident pressure, ATC personnel at
AirNav Surabaya maintain optimal situational awareness due to their extensive
operational experience. These findings recommend strengthening Critical Incident
Stress Management (CISM) programs to continuously sustain personnel
psychological resilience.