ANALISIS KEANDALAN FIRE SHUT OFF VALVE PART NUMBER E03A00 PADA PESAWAT AIRBUS 330 SERIES DI PT GMF AERO ASIA, Tbk

Pemeliharaan pesawat udara merupakan aspek krusial bagi keselamatan dan keandalan operasional penerbangan, sesuai amanat Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2009 tentang Penerbangan yang mewajibkan kelaikudaraan (airworthiness) pesawat. Salah satu komponen kritis pada Engine Fire Protection System adalah Fire Shut Off Valve (FSOV), katup pengaman sistem hidrolik yang menghentikan aliran fluida menuju Engine Driven Pump (EDP) saat kondisi darurat, seperti kebakaran mesin atau fluida hidrolik turun di bawah batas aman. Data engineering Wide Body Base Maintenance PT GMF AeroAsia, Tbk mencatat 68 kali unscheduled removal pada FSOV Part Number E03A00 di armada Airbus A330 series Garuda Indonesia sepanjang 2021-2025 (15, 13, 16, 11, dan 13 kejadian per tahun). Tingginya frekuensi penggantian tak terjadwal ini mengindikasikan permasalahan keandalan yang perlu dianalisis agar tidak menimbulkan risiko keselamatan penerbangan maupun kerugian operasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan nilai Mean Time to Failure (MTTF), reliability, dan failure rate FSOV, mengidentifikasi faktor dominan penyebab unscheduled removal, serta menyusun usulan perbaikan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Unit Base Maintenance Hangar 3 PT GMF AeroAsia, Tbk selama sekitar enam bulan, dengan data dikumpulkan melalui studi dokumen, studi literatur, dan wawancara bersama Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (AME) pemegang type rating Airbus A330. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Distribusi Weibull dua parameter, meliputi penentuan adjusted rank dan median rank (Benard's Median Rank), transformasi data time to failure ke bentuk linear, serta regresi linear untuk memperoleh Shape Parameter (β) dan Scale Parameter (η). Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis kualitatif Root Cause Analysis (RCA) menggunakan diagram Pareto untuk menentukan penyebab dominan, diagram fishbone untuk menelusuri akar penyebab berdasarkan faktor man, methods, material, dan environment, serta metode 5W+1H untuk merumuskan usulan perbaikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Shape Parameter (β) sebesar 1,80 dan Scale Parameter (η) sebesar 9.244,41 flight hours (FH), sehingga diperoleh nilai MTTF sebesar 8.220,92 FH. Pada saat t = MTTF, nilai reliability FSOV sebesar 44,50%, Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) sebesar 55,50%, dan failure rate sebesar 0,000177 kegagalan per FH. Karena β > 1, pola kegagalan FSOV termasuk kategori wear-out, yaitu laju kegagalan meningkat seiring waktu operasi. Analisis Pareto terhadap 68 data unscheduled removal menunjukkan penyebab paling dominan adalah valve stuck sebanyak 37 kejadian (54%), diikuti leak from body 18 kejadian (26%), dan connector broken 13 kejadian (19%). Analisis fishbone terhadap valve stuck mengidentifikasi empat akar penyebab: faktor man berupa installation error oleh teknisi baru akibat minimnya pengalaman dan sikap complacency; faktor methods berupa belum tersedianya Detailed Visual Inspection (DVI) khusus FSOV pada Maintenance Program (MP)/Maintenance Planning Document (MPD); faktor material berupa korosi akibat belum diterapkannya Corrosion Inhibiting Compound (CIC) Protection; serta faktor environment berupa belum tersedianya task card cleaning khusus sehingga debu terakumulasi di sekitar valve. Berdasarkan akar penyebab tersebut, disusun usulan perbaikan dengan metode 5W+1H berupa pelatihan standard practice bagi teknisi baru, penambahan item DVI pada MP/MPD, penerapan CIC Protection secara rutin, serta pembuatan task card cleaning berkala untuk FSOV. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan gambaran menyeluruh mengenai keandalan komponen FSOV serta menjadi dasar pertimbangan bagi PT GMF AeroAsia, Tbk dan Garuda Indonesia dalam menyusun dan mengevaluasi strategi perawatan yang lebih optimal, sehingga potensi unscheduled removal FSOV dapat diminimalkan pada masa mendatang.

Aircraft maintenance is critical to flight safety and operational reliability, as mandated by Law Number 1 of 2009 on Aviation, requiring every aircraft to meet airworthiness standards. A key component of the Engine Fire Protection System is the Fire Shut Off Valve (FSOV), a hydraulic safety valve stopping fluid flow to the Engine Driven Pump (EDP) during an engine fire or low hydraulic fluid. Engineering data from PT GMF AeroAsia, Tbk's Wide Body Base Maintenance unit recorded 68 unscheduled removals of FSOV Part Number E03A00 on Garuda Indonesia's Airbus A330 fleet during 2021-2025 (15, 13, 16, 11, and 13 occurrences per year). This high frequency indicates a reliability problem requiring further analysis to prevent flight-safety risks and operational losses. This study aims to determine the FSOV's Mean Time to Failure (MTTF), reliability, and failure rate; identify the dominant causes of unscheduled removals; and develop corrective actions. Research was conducted at the Base Maintenance Unit, Hangar 3, PT GMF AeroAsia, Tbk, over about six months, with data collected through document study, literature study, and interviews with Aircraft Maintenance Engineers (AME) holding an Airbus A330 type rating. The method is a quantitative descriptive approach based on the two-parameter Weibull Distribution, involving adjusted-rank and median-rank determination (Benard's Median Rank), linearization of the time-to-failure data, and linear regression to obtain the Shape Parameter (β) and Scale Parameter (η). A qualitative Root Cause Analysis (RCA) followed, using a Pareto diagram to identify the dominant cause, a fishbone diagram to trace root causes across man, methods, material, and environment factors, and the 5W+1H method to formulate corrective actions. Results show a Shape Parameter (β) of 1.80 and a Scale Parameter (η) of 9,244.41 flight hours (FH), yielding an MTTF of 8,220.92 FH. At t = MTTF, the FSOV reliability is 44.50%, the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) is 55.50%, and the failure rate is 0.000177 failures per FH. Since β > 1, the FSOV failure pattern is wear-out, with the failure rate rising over operating time. Pareto analysis of the 68 unscheduled removals shows valve stuck as the dominant cause (37 occurrences, 54%), followed by leak from body (18, 26%) and connector broken (13, 19%). Fishbone analysis of valve stuck identified four root causes: man installation errors by new technicians from limited experience and complacency; methods no dedicated Detailed Visual Inspection (DVI) for the FSOV in the Maintenance Program (MP)/Maintenance Planning Document (MPD); material corrosion from the absence of Corrosion Inhibiting Compound (CIC) Protection; and environment no dedicated cleaning task card, causing dust accumulation around the valve. Based on these root causes, improvement proposals were developed using the 5W+1H method: standard practice training for new technicians, additional DVI items in the MP/MPD, routine CIC Protection application, and periodic cleaning task cards for the FSOV. These findings are expected to give a comprehensive picture of the FSOV's reliability and to serve as a basis for PT GMF AeroAsia, Tbk and Garuda Indonesia to develop and evaluate a more optimal maintenance strategy, minimizing the potential for unscheduled FSOV removals in the future.