ANALISIS PENYEBAB KERUSAKAN SISTEM PRECISION APPROACH PATH INDICATOR RUNWAY 07 DAN 25 DI BANDAR UDARA NUSAWIRU

Sistem Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) merupakan salah satu fasilitas Airfield Lighting System yang berperan penting memberikan panduan visual sudut luncur pesawat saat pendekatan dan pendaratan. Di Bandar Udara Nusawiru Pangandaran, sistem PAPI pada runway 07 dan 25 tidak beroperasi sejak tahun 2021 sehingga berpotensi mengganggu keselamatan penerbangan, terutama pada malam hari atau kondisi jarak pandang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi jenis gangguan dan status kelayakan setiap komponen, menganalisis faktor penyebab kerusakan melalui pemeriksaan instalasi dan komponen pendukung, menentukan akar penyebab kerusakan menggunakan metode Root Cause Analysis (RCA) dan Fishbone Diagram, serta memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui observasi lapangan terhadap kondisi fisik box PAPI, bak trafo, fitting lampu, dan filter cahaya, pengukuran tahanan isolasi kabel FL2XCY dan trafo seri menggunakan insulation tester, serta wawancara dengan teknisi bandara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Constant Current Regulator (CCR) rusak total, 60% titik kabel FL2XCY dan 50% trafo seri tidak memenuhi standar tahanan isolasi minimum 50 mega ohm, dan 46% fitting lampu rusak, 87% bak trafo dalam kondisi buruk. Secara keseluruhan, tingkat keandalan komponen sistem PAPI di Bandar Udara Nusawiru Pangandaran masih tergolong kurang andal dan memerlukan perbaikan menyeluruh. Analisis RCA mengungkap akar masalah utama berupa ketiadaan program preventive maintenance terstruktur, diperkuat faktor mesin, material, sumber daya manusia, dan lingkungan yang saling berkaitan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan sepuluh tindakan perbaikan korektif dan preventif guna memulihkan keandalan operasional sistem PAPI di Bandar Udara Nusawiru Pangandaran.
Kata kunci: PAPI, RCA, Fishbone Diagram, keandalan, mixed methods.

The Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) system is a key Airfield Lighting System facility that provides visual glide slope guidance to aircraft during approach and landing. At Nusawiru Pangandaran Airport, the PAPI system on runways 07 and 25 has been non-operational since 2021, potentially compromising flight safety, particularly at night or under low-visibility conditions. This study aims to identify the types of malfunctions and the feasibility status of each component, analyze the contributing factors behind the damage, determine the root causes using Root Cause Analysis (RCA) and Fishbone Diagram methods, and provide corrective recommendations. The research employs a qualitative approach through field observation of the physical condition of the PAPI box, transformer pit, lamp fittings, and light filters; measurement of the insulation resistance of FL2XCY cables and series transformers using an insulation tester; and interviews with airport technicians. The results show that the Constant Current Regulator (CCR) is completely damaged, 60% of FL2XCY cable points and 50% of series transformers fail to meet the minimum insulation resistance standard of 50 megaohms, 46% of lamp fittings are damaged, and 87% of transformer pits are in poor condition. Overall, the reliability level of the PAPI system components is classified as unreliable and requires comprehensive repair. The RCA analysis reveals that the main root cause is the absence of a structured preventive maintenance program, compounded by interrelated machine, material, human resource, and environmental factors. This study recommends ten corrective and preventive actions to restore the operational reliability of the PAPI system at Nusawiru Pangandaran Airport.
Keywords: PAPI, RCA, Fishbone Diagram, reliability, mixed methods.